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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(5): 392-401, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974240

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) saved millions from HIV-1 infection and AIDS, but some patients do not experience adequate CD4+ T cells gain despite achieving viral suppression. The genetic component of this condition is not yet completely elucidated. Objective: To identify predictive genetic markers of immune response to ART. Methods: Case-control study. Out of 176 HIV-infected patients recruited in the city of Recife, Northeast Brazil, 67 patients with no immunologic response were the cases and the remaining 109 patients who responded were the controls. A set of 94 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in antiretroviral drugs pharmacodynamic pathways and immune system homeostasis were genotyped, while the remaining 48 were ancestry informative markers (AIMs) for controlling for eventual hidden population structure. Results: Male patients were overrepresented in non-responder group (p = 0.01). Non-responders also started with lower absolute CD4+ T cell counts (p < 0.001). We found five SNPs significantly associated with the outcome, being three more frequent in non-responders than responders: rs2243250 (IL4) A allele (p = 0.04), rs1128503 (ABCB1) A allele (p = 0.03) and rs707265 (CYP2B6) A allele (p = 0.02), whereas the other two were less frequent in non-responders: rs2069762 (IL2) C allele (p = 0.004) and rs4646437 (CYP3A4) A allele (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Some significant univariate associations remained independently associated at multivariate survival analysis modeling, such as pre-treatment CD4+ T cells counts, IL2 and ABCB1 genotypes, and use of protease inhibitors, yielding a predictive model for the probability for immune response. More studies are needed to unravel the genetic basis of ART immunological non-response.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology , Immune System/drug effects , Brazil , Genetic Markers , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Immunogenetic Phenomena/drug effects , Immunogenetic Phenomena/genetics , Genetic Association Studies , Gene Frequency
2.
Natal; s.n; fev. 2016. 105 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867988

ABSTRACT

Falhas nos genes responsáveis por reparos no DNA podem influenciar no surgimento de câncer ou afetar a resposta aos tratamentos. Estudos têm demonstrado que a variação na capacidade de reparo do DNA pode ser resultado de polimorfismos funcionais nestes genes, e alguns destes experimentos sugerem que a presença de polimorfismos de nucleotídeos simples (SNPs), em genes de reparo, está relacionada ao desenvolvimento e resposta ao tratamento de vários cânceres, incluindo o Carcinoma Epidermoide Oral (CEO) e o Carcinoma Epidermoide de Orofaringe (CEOR). Nesta pesquisa avaliou-se a frequência de três SNPs em dois genes de reparo do DNA RAD51 172G>T (c.-61 G>T, rs1801321), RAD51 135G>C (c.-98 G>C, rs1801320) e XRCC3 T241M (c. 722 C>T, rs861539) em indivíduos saudáveis (n=130) e indivíduos com CEO e CEOR (n=126) e investigou-se possíveis relações de tais achados com os desfechos clínicos: resposta tumoral ao tratamento com radioterapia e quimioterapia, recidiva, e sobrevida global. Constatou-se frequência alélica e genotípica em equilíbrio. A presença dos SNPs analisados não revelou ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de CEO ou CEOR; contudo, quando associado ao hábito de fumar ou beber, aumentou o risco de desenvolver o câncer de três a cento e cinquenta vezes (p<000,1). A resposta tumoral ao tratamento de radioterapia e quimioterapia foi semelhante nos pacientes com ou sem SNPs. Nenhum polimorfismo demonstrou significância estatística em relação à sobrevida livre de recidiva ou sobrevida global. Os genótipos AA e AC do SNP rs861539 no gene XRCC3, os genótipos CC e CG do SNP rs1801320 e GG e GT do SNP 1801321 no gene RAD51, aumentam o risco do desenvolvimento de carcinoma epidermoide oral e de orofaringe, quando associados ao hábito de beber ou fumar. Os polimorfismos estudados nos genes XRCC3 e RAD51 não estão associados à resposta à radioterapia, sobrevida livre de recidiva ou sobrevida global


Faults in the genes responsible for repairs to the DNA can influence the onset of cancer or affect the response to treatment. This research evaluated the frequency of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two repair genes DNA RAD51 172g> T (rs1801321), RAD51 135G> C (rs1801320) and XRCC3 T241M (rs861539) in individuals without cancer (n = 130) and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSC) and carcinoma oropharyngeal squamous (ORSC) (n = 126) and investigated possible relationships of these findings with clinical and pathological data and clinical outcomes: tumor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, disease-free survival, and overall survival. It was found that the allele and genotype frequencies were in equilibrium Hard-Weinberg equilibrium. The presence of at least one polymorphic allele in XRCC3 (rs861539) gene is associated with histological grade (WHO) higher (p = 0.007). We observed a higher recurrence rate trend (p = 0.08) and more advanced stage (p = 0.08) in the group that had at least one polymorphic allele of RAD51 gene (rs1801321). The presence of the analyzed SNPs not proved to be a risk factor for the development of CEO or CEOR; however, when combined with smoking or drinking, increased the risk of developing cancer from three to one hundred and fifty times. The tumor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy was similar in patients with and without SNPs. No polymorphism showed statistical significance in relation to recurrence-free survival or overall survival. We conclude that the presence of at least one polymorphic allele of the SNPs rs861539 in XRCC3 gene, rs1801320 and rs1801321 in the RAD51 gene increase the risk of development of OSC and ORSC, when associated with the habit of drinking or smoking. Polymorphisms studied in XRCC3 and RAD51 genes are not associated with response to radiation therapy, relapse-free survival or overall survival


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Prognosis , DNA Repair , Survival Analysis , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Longitudinal Studies , Logistic Models
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(6): 640-645, 08/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721393

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate UBASH3A gene variation association with autoimmune thyroid disease and clinical features in a Chinese Han population. Subjects and methods: A total of 667 AITD patients (417 GD and 250 HT) and 301 healthy controls were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11203203, rs3788013 of UBASH3A gene, utilizing the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) Platform. Results: Between the control group and AITD, GD and HT group, no statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the two SNPs. There was no significant difference in allelic frequencies of the two SNPs between GD with and without ophthalmopathy. There was no significant difference in haplotype distributions between the control group and AITD, GD or HT group. Conclusion: Rs11203203 and rs3788013 in UBASH3A gene may not be associated with AITD patients in Chinese Han population. .


Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a variação no gene UBASH3A com a doença tiroidiana autoimune e características clínicas na população chinesa Han. Sujeitos e métodos: Um total de 667 pacientes com DTAI (417 com DG e 250 com TH) e 301 controles saudáveis foi genotipado para dois polimorfismos de nucleotídeo simples (SNPs) rs11203203, rs3788013 do gene UBASH3A, usando-se a plataforma MALDI-TOF-MS (Ionização/Dessorção de Matriz Assistida por Laser – Tempo de Voo/Espectrômetro de Massa). Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as frequências genotípicas e alélicas dos dois SNPs nos grupos controle e DTAI, DG e TH. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as frequências alélicas dos dois SNPs em pacientes com DG com ou sem olftalmopatia. Não houve diferenças significativas nas distribuições de haplótipos no grupo controle e nos grupos DTAI, DG e TH. Conclusão: Os SNPs rs11203203 e rs3788013 do gene UBASH3A podem não estar associados a pacientes com DTAI na população chinesa Han. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics , Graves Ophthalmopathy/ethnology , Hashimoto Disease/ethnology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Asian People/genetics , Case-Control Studies , China/ethnology , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Haplotypes/immunology , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
4.
Natal; s.n; jun. 2013. 77 p. tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-692094

ABSTRACT

Tumores malignos têm a habilidade de invadir tecidos normais e de se espalharem para sítios anatômicos distantes, originando a metástase, o maior fator de mortalidade do câncer. As metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP)-l e MMP-13 têm sido associadas à invasão tumoral e à metástase, pois a MMP-1 degrada colágeno tipo I, que é o substrato mais abundante no estroma tumoral e a MMP-13 degrada colágeno tipo IV, dentre outros, que está presente na membrana basal dos vasos. Pesquisas mostram que a IL-8 é um potente fator angiogênico e está associada ao crescimento tumoral, à metástase e ao pobre prognóstico do câncer. O presente trabalho se propõe a verificar a existência e a frequência dos polimorfismos nos genes das MMPs-1 (rs2071230 e rs470558), -13 (rs2252070) e da IL-8 (rs4073 e rs2227532) e investigar o possível valor prognóstico dos mesmos em uma série de casos de carcinoma epidermóide oral e de orofaringe (CEOO). Foram genotipados por meio de PCR em tempo real 98 amostras de pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide e 134 amostras controle. Todos os polimorfismos estavam em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, exceto o SNP IL-8 (rs2227532). O genótipo homozigoto polimórfico GG da MMP-1 (rs2071230) revelou ser um fator de risco pouco mais de 8 vezes para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma epidermóide, enquanto o genótipo polimórfico GG da MMP-13 (rs2252070) diminuiu o risco de desenvolver CEOO em aproximado de 3 vezes. Verificou-se diferença na distribuição dos genótipos em relação à localização da lesão, sendo o genótipo CC da MMP-1 (rs470558) mais frequente em lesões intraorais e o CT em orofaringe e o genótipo TT da IL-8 (rs4073) mais comum em lesões intraorais e com estadiamento clínico III e IV. Os indivíduos portadores do genótipo GG da MMP-13 (rs2252070) apresentaram menor tempo de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. Conclui-se que o SNP (rs2252070) da MMP-13 possui valor prognóstico em pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide oral e de orofaringe.


Malignant tumors have the ability to invade normal tissues and spread to distant anatomic sites, leading to metastasis, the whole factor for cancer mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-l and MMP-13 have been associated with tumor invasion and metastasis because MMP-1 degrades type I collagen, which is the most abundant substrate in the tumor stroma and MMP-13 degrades type IV collagen, among others, that is present in the basement membrane of the vessels. Research shows that IL-8 is a potent angiogenic factor and is associated with tumor growth, metastasis and poor prognosis of cancer. This study aims to verify the existence and frequency of polymorphisms in genes of MMP-1 (rs2071230 and rs470558), -13 (rs2252070) and IL-8 (rs4073 and rs2227532) and investigate the possible prognostic value of the same in cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Ninety eight samples from patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 134 control samples were genotyped by real-time PCR. All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except SNP (rs2227532) of IL-8. The polymorphic homozygote genotype GG of MMP-1 (rs2071230) was found to be a risk factor just over 8 times for the development of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, while the GG genotype polymorphism of MMP-13 (rs2252070) showed a protective effect of approximately 3 times. CC genotype of MMP-1 (rs470558) was most frequent in intraoral and CT in oropharyngeal lesions. TT genotype of the IL-8 (rs4073) was most common in intraoral lesions and III and IV clinical staging. Patients with GG genotype of MMP-13 (rs2252070) had fewer disease-free survival and overall survival. We conclude that the SNP (rs2252070) of MMP-13 has prognostic value in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , /immunology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/physiology , /physiology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Chi-Square Distribution , Genotype , Prospective Studies
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2012. 111 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666593

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Fatores genéticos estão entre os determinantes de obesidade,podendo influenciar a resposta a intervenções em estilo de vida.O impacto de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único(SNPs) na resposta de biomarcadores a intervenções não é claro.Este estudo examinou as associações de seis SNPs FTO T/A, PPAR Pro12Ala, Apo A1-75G/A, TNF-308G/A, IL-6-174G/C e AdipoQ 45T/G com mudanças induzidas por uma intervenção em amostra de brasileiros de risco cardiometabólico.Em um programa de 9 meses de orientações em hábitos alimentares e atividade física,180 indivíduos com prediabetes ou síndrome metabólica foram genotipados e agrupados segundo a presença do alelo variante de cada SNP e comparados quanto a variáveis antropométricas, metabólicas e inflamatórias.A intervenção resultou: redução do consumo calórico,aumento da atividade física,melhora na antropometria e outros biomarcadores. Estratificando pelos SNPs,os principais achados estão contidos em dois artigos.Art.1:Houve melhor resposta do perfil glicêmico após a intervenção nos portadores do alelo variante do SNP TNF-308G/A.Observou-se melhora das variáveis lipídicas nos portadores do alelo variante do SNP IL-6-174G/C, enquanto que aqueles com o genótipo referência obtiveram melhora no metabolismo da glicose. Carreadores do SNP AdipoQ 45T/G não obtiveram melhora no perfil lipídico nem no glicêmico.Art.2:O alelo variante do FTO T/A associou-se a melhores perfis 9 inflamatório e glicêmico em resposta à intervenção.Portadores do alelo variante do SNP PPAR Pro12Ala obtiveram melhora na pressão arterial,enquanto que indivíduos com o genótipo referência melhoraram o metabolismo lipídico.Carreadores do alelo variante do SNP Apo A1-75G/A apresentaram melhora no perfil lipídico que,após ajuste para medicação,não se manteve significante.SNPs relacionados à obesidade e comorbidades podem influenciar a resposta de marcadores metabólicos e inflamatórios a intervenções em hábitos de vida.O SNP TNF-308G/A parece favorecer um mel...


Subject(s)
Humans , Life Style , Nutritional Sciences , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Biomarkers/blood , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Risk Factors
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-112536

ABSTRACT

Genetic host factors play a substantial role in susceptibility to and severity of malaria, which continues to cause at least one million deaths per year. Recently, members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family have been shown to be involved in recognition of the etiologic organism Plasmodium falciparum: The glycosylphosphatidylinisitol anchor induces signaling in host cells via TLR-2 and -4, while hemozoin-induced immune activation involves TLR-9. Binding of microbial ligands to the respective TLRs triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the TLR/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain and may contribute to the host response, including pro-inflammatory cytokine induction and malarial fever. In a case-control study among 870 Ghanaian children, we examined the influence of TLR-2, -4, and -9 polymorphisms in susceptibility to severe malaria. TLR-2 variants common in Caucasians and Asians were completely absent. However, we found a new, rare mutation (Leu658Pro), which impairs signaling via TLR-2. We failed to detect any polymorphisms within the TLR-9/interleukin-1 receptor domain. Two frequent TLR-9 promoter polymorphisms did not show a clear association with malaria severity. In contrast, the TLR-4-Asp299Gly variant occurred at a high rate of 17.6% in healthy controls, and was even more frequent in severe malaria patients (24.1%, p<0.05). Likewise, TLR-4-Thr399Ile was seen in 2.4% of healthy children and in 6.2% of patients (p=0.02). TLR-4-Asp299Gly and TLR-4-Thr399Ile conferred an 1.5- and 2.6-fold increased risk of severe malaria, respectively. These findings suggest TLR4-mediated responses to malaria in vivo and TLR-4 polymorphisms to be associated with disease manifestation. However some gray areas also suggest the scope for further improvements.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Ghana , Humans , Immunity, Innate/genetics , Infant , Malaria, Falciparum/genetics , Male , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics
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